The impact disrupted the magnetosphere, leading to interference with radio signals, GPS, and precision timing applications. During this time, the Sun released a massive coronal mass ejection that collided with the Earth's atmosphere, resulting in a huge geomagnetic storm. For their study, they used data from a large geomagnetic storm that happened on September 7-8, 2017. The group was led by Lynn Kistler, Nagoya University Designated Professor and University of New Hampshire Professor (cross-appointment), Yoshizumi Miyoshi, Nagoya University Professor, and Tomoaki Hori, Nagoya University Designated Professor. The plasma sheet is important because it is the source region for the particles that get into the inner magnetosphere, creating the current that causes geomagnetic storms.Īlthough the importance of the Sun is well known, an international group of researchers aimed to solve the mystery of how much of the plasma in the magnetosphere comes from Earth and how that contribution changes during a geomagnetic storm. Inside the magnetotail is the plasma sheet region, which is full of charged particles (plasma). The magnetotail is the part of the magnetosphere that extends away from the Sun, in the direction of the solar wind flow. The interactions between the charged particles and magnetic fields lead to space weather, the conditions in space that can affect the Earth and technological systems such as satellites.Īn important part of the magnetosphere is the magnetotail. When the particles reach the magnetic field surrounding our planet, known as the magnetosphere, they interact with it. These particles flow out of the Sun creating the 'solar wind', and interact with objects in space, such as the Earth. Hot charged particles make up the Sun's outer layer, the one visible to us. Scientists have long known that geomagnetic storms are associated with the activities of the Sun. This research may help predict the storms that will have the greatest consequences. Understanding the factors that cause geomagnetic storms is important because they can have a direct impact on the Earth's magnetic field such as causing unwanted currents in the power grid and disrupting radio signals and GPS. Their findings reveal the previously underestimated importance of the Earth's atmosphere. A study from an international team led by researchers from Nagoya University in Japan and the University of New Hampshire in the United States has revealed the importance of the Earth's upper atmosphere in determining how large geomagnetic storms develop.
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